The impact of Buddhist art on the evolution of painting techniques in the Jin Dynasty of China

This paper examines the impact of Buddhist art on the evolution of painting techniques during the Jin Dynasty of China through a comprehensive exploration of historical materials and case studies. The introduction of Buddhist art into China is traced, with particular focus on the defining features of the early Gandhara and Mathura styles of Buddhist art. The Gandhara style is marked by its Greco-Buddhist influence, featuring naturalistic depictions, intricate drapery, and expressive three-dimensionality, while the Mathura style emphasizes indigenous Indian artistic traditions, characterized by robust forms and symbolic iconography. These styles played a pivotal role in inspiring innovations in Chinese painting techniques. The diversity of local Chinese painting traditions prior to Buddhism's arrival, such as expressive figure painting, imaginative landscape composition, and traditional techniques like line drawing and color application, is explored. The introduction of Buddhist themes catalyzed innovations in painting, including storytelling composition, enriched line textures, and symbolic color schemes. Using observation, case studies, and comparative methods, representative Jin Dynasty paintings are analyzed to reveal how Buddhist art reshaped painting practices. The findings highlight that Buddhist art was a transformative force, integrating foreign artistic elements with local traditions, thereby marking a key turning point in the development of Chinese painting techniques during the Jin Dynasty.