Issues related to fiqh mu’asarah in society

Slide presentation for “Issues related to fiqh mu’asarah in society”

Issue 1: Rights of non-Muslim leaders
Issue 2: Transgender

The concept of justice in Islam encompasses all levels of society regardless of race, religion or social status. In the context of an Islamic state, non-Muslims known as ahl al-dhimmah have been guaranteed their basic rights based on the principles of sharia. According to Idriz (2018), the position of non-Muslims in an Islamic society is based on a social contract that guarantees them to live in peace, freely practice their religion, and own property. In the Quran and Sunnah, there is no command that discriminates against non-Muslims who live in peace in an Islamic state. The word of Allah SWT: "Allah does not forbid you from being kind and just to those who do not fight you because of your religion" (al-Mumtahanah: 8). This verse is the basis for the principle of justice towards non-Muslims. The concept of ahl al-dhimmah refers to non-Muslims who have entered into a peace treaty with an Islamic state and receive protection as citizens with certain rights. The right to freedom of religion is one of the main principles guaranteed by Islamic sharia. They cannot be forced to convert to Islam. This is supported by the hadith of the Prophet SAW, "Whoever oppresses adhimmi, then I will be his enemy on the Day of Judgment." (Hadith of Abu Dawud). In a contemporary context, Basri (2019) explains that this freedom includes the right to build houses of worship, perform religious ceremonies and manage the affairs of their community independently. Non-Muslims are also given almost equal social and economic rights, including in business activities, inheritance, and the judicial system.