Drug-related problems in chronic kidney disease (DRPs): a prescription analysis

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition where the kidney function is deteriorate over time because no careful monitoring is done to the patients and they need to consume multiple medications due to presence of comorbidity as CKD is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and other diseases resulting in increased prevalence of potential and actual drug-related problems (DRPs), posing significant challenge to health care providers. The study is finding of occurrences of DRPs, the common types of DRPs occurs in chronic kidney patients (CKD) and does the variables such as age, gender, the total number of medications and class of drug has influences in involvement in DRPs. Retrospective study design is used by the collection of prescription from outpatient pharmacy department of Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital. The prescriptions are selected based on inclusion criteria needed which patients are having CKD at all stages including patients undergo hemodialysis and post renal transplantation. The obtained prescriptions are then analyzed by using modified PNCE classification v5. l to classify and identify DRPs. Descriptive analysis was done for age, gender, the total number of medications prescribed and class of drug and Chi Square test of non-parametric test was used to assess the association between risk factors and DRPs. The p-value, p<0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance or to find relationship between them. The percentage of DRPs (81.9%) obtained is higher compared to non-DRPs (18.1 %). The result of p-value of chi-square test showed that only gender had no influences in involvement in DRPs. Meanwhile, the risk factors which are age, total number medications prescribed and class of drug had influences to get DRPs.