Role of mangrove forest in supporting fireflies habitat at Kg Sungai Timun, Rembau, Negeri Sembilan

Mangroves are among the world's most biologically significant and diversified natural systems. They are important in the ecosystem as they serve a variety of purposes in preserving the well-being and productivity of coastal ecosystems, as well as home for fireflies. Pteroptyx tener small insects known as family of Lampyridae has been found congregating on mangroves forests. Mangrove species like Sonneratia caseolaris and associated trees such as Nypa fruticans supports fireflies’ population. However, mangrove degradation due to land use changes may endanger their number and the possible financial gains from firefly ecotourism. Using GIS heat mapping, the study identified three ecological zones based on mangrove density, with high-density zones requiring immediate conservation, low-density zones needing restoration, and moderate-density zones serving as environmental buffers. A comparison with Kampung Kuantan Firefly Park highlighted the benefits of dense mangrove coverage for biodiversity and ecotourism. The findings emphasize the importance of mangrove restoration and sustainable ecotourism to preserve firefly habitats and promote ecological stability. These insights can guide future conservation strategies to ensure mangrove ecosystems' lasting biodiversity and sustainability.