Application of dentine particles in combination with platelet-rich fibrin for alveolar ridge preservation: a systematic review

Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) reduces post-extraction bone resorption and promotes bone regeneration. Dentine particles (DP), derived from extracted teeth, contain type I collagen and growth factors that support bone healing, while platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) enhances wound healing. This systematic review evaluates the clinical and radiographic outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using DP and PRF for ARP. RCTs involving human subjects treated with DP and PRF for ARP were included, focusing on clinical and radiographic outcomes. Animal studies and non-randomized trials were excluded. Searches were conducted across five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase), and risk of bias was assessed based on randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding. Five RCTs with at least six participants met the inclusion criteria. DP and PRF showed significant improvements in bone density, with the test group showing 26.31 ± 0.55 compared to 24.98 ± 0.74 in controls. Ridge width and height resorption were also reduced in the DP and PRF groups. Regardless of preparation method, DP demonstrated positive clinical and radiographic outcomes. However, variability in study design led to moderate risks of bias, particularly in randomization and blinding. DP and PRF show promising results for ARP, especially in bone regeneration. However, further studies with larger sample sizes, standardized outcome measures, and longer follow-up periods are needed to address gaps in soft tissue outcomes and long-term implant stability.