A study on drugs that induced cardiotoxicity in Malaysia from 2013 until 2014

In Malaysia, based on Official Portal National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, cases reported related to cardiovascular system was increased from 253 cases in 2013 to 275 in 2014. This record show that the incidence rate has increased. To date, there is no study being done on cardiotoxicity based on the spontaneous ADR reporting database in Malaysia. The main objective of this study is to identify the common drugs that induced cardiotoxicity in Malaysia from 2013 until 2014. In addition, the aims of this study is to identify the incidence rate, causality, extend of severity and presdisposing factors of the common drugs that induced cardiotoxicity. This is a retrospective study where data was collected at Pharmacovigilance Section, Centre of Post Registration Product and Cosmetic, National Pharmaceutical Control Buraeu (NPCB), Petaling Jaya. A total of 1930 reports were extracted from the Quest 2 database at the NPCB Malaysia which are related to the drug that induced cardiotoxicity from 2013-2014. After excluding all the exclusion data, only 1599 reports were analyzed throughout this study. From 1599 reports, there are 334 drugs with different group of pharmaceutical functions that were inducing the cardiotoxicity. From the result, it was found that 334 types of drugs were related to the drug that induced cardiotoxicity. 55.3% of the patients were female and almost half of the patients were Malay ( 46.3%).The range of age within 46 and 60 years old were the highest number of patients that reported with the drug-induced cardiotoxicity (27.1 %) while patients whose are more than 75 years old were found to be the least reported with drug-induced cardiotoxicty (2.9%). Pearson chi square tests showed that there is strong association between the gender (P = 0.00), race (P = 0.00) and age group (P = 0.00) of the patients with the extend of severity of ADR. 93 .1 % of the cases were classified as possible and upon the reaction on the ADR, almost half of the cases were reported with a moderate extend of severity (n = 772, 48.3%).30.% of the cases were reported as acute and it was found that there is strong association between onset of time (P = 0.00) with the extend of severity of cardiotoxicity. Out of 1599 cases, 62.1 % of ADR reported was tachycardia. The result shown that the highest drug that induced cardiotoxicitywas cardiovascular drugs (21.8%) and it was found Malay were significantly more likely to experience cardiovascular drugs-induced cardiotoxicity.