Neuronal toxicity of D-galactose and aluminium: impairment of memory and mitochondrial respiratory enzyme

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is commonly diagnosed in the older generation although there are cases of this disease occurring in middle age generations. D-galactose is a substance that can induce the process of aging with the formation of neuronal damage and also with the excessive formation ofreactive oxygen species. Aluminium (Al) is a metal that is highly used and lead to AD due to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Results of the study revealed that the excessive administration of Al and D­ galactose will impair to memory function by Morris Water Maze method and also cause impairment to mitochondrial respiratory enzymes. Therefore the results suggest that the administration of D-galactose with the combination of Al can induce higher impairment of memory and cognitive disorders.