Potential evaluation of pelargonium radula leaves extract using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide for mosquito repellent skin product / Nazrin Mustapha

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) is a modern technique that is widely used when it comes to the extraction purposes. Recently, the SFE in P. radula leaves contains a lot of benefits towards human being because it possesses as a therapy in diabetes treatment, antimicrobial activity, pharmaceutical industries, cosmetics and as well as perfumery industries. This study focused on the highest oil yield that could be used as a repellent product toward mosquito bites. Many researchers used conventional technique such as hydro-distillation and solvent extraction to extract valuable component in oil formed itself. Unfortunately, these techniques have several disadvantages such as long extraction time, produce toxic residual and high usage of solvent. SFE has short extraction time, inexpensive, non-toxic and non-flammable. The extraction was conducted using temperature of 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60ºC and the pressure used were 1450, 2180, 2900, 3630, 4350, 5080 and 5800psi at constant flowrate of 24ml/min for 70 minutes extraction time. In this study, the best operating condition for the highest oil yield were 60ºC and 5800psi which results 1.7474%. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) show that P. radula leaves contained geraniol and citronellol while for Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), it consists of methyl (CHᴽ) group, methylene (-CH₃) group, methyl (-CH₃) and bend methyl (C-H) group. Besides, the best dosage of P. radula essential oil was 1%