The issue in the appointment of female leaders and appointment of a non-muslim leader / Muhammad Irfan Imaduddin Azran … [et al.]

Leadership in Islam is deeply rooted in the principles of justice, compassion, and servitude. The Islamic concept of leadership goes beyond mere authority; it encompasses a profound sense of responsibility and accountability. In the Islamic tradition, leadership is viewed as a sacred trust bestowed upon individuals, requiring them to uphold the values of integrity, fairness, and humility.

The Islamic model of leadership emphasizes humility and service. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is described as a humble leader who served his community with utmost dedication. Islamic leadership encourages leaders to be accessible, approachable, and compassionate, fostering a sense of unity and cooperation within the community.

In today's current context, the geopolitical changes that occurred after the collapse of the Ottoman Turkish empire in 1924 have eliminated the caliphate-based government system and the space left behind has begun to be filled with a modem nation-state-based government system. This has led to a new dimension in the debate related to non-Muslim groups, especially regarding their position as leaders in an Islamic country (Meerangani, K. A., Marinsah, S. A., & Ramli, R, 2017). In addition, with the development of the government system, job opportunities, and education levels provide equal space for men and women. Hence the issue of whether a woman must be appointed as a leader in an Islamic perspective.