An acute effects of blood flow restriction on muscle oxygenation and blood glucose during Yo-Yo Intermittent recovery level 1 training among handball athletes / Muhammad Syahmi Irsyad Ishak and Nurul Ain Abu Kasim

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training may enhance muscle oxygenation and blood glucose levels [1]. However, its acute effects remain unclear during high-intensity intermittent exercise like Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) [2,3]. This study evaluates the impacts of BFR on muscle oxygenation, blood glucose, and performance metrics in handball athletes during Yo-Yo IR1 training sessions. The Yo-Yo IR1 test was conducted on a handball court using standardized protocols with cones, audio cues, and precise measurements. Muscle oxygenation was monitored using a MOXY device placed on the right hamstring [4], while blood glucose levels were assessed pre- and post-test using the GE Max Plus system with a finger-prick method. Athletes were randomized into BFR (using 60 mmHg Dura-Cuff pressure) and control groups. Key metrics, including performance, oxygenation, and glucose levels, were analyzed.