Evaluating immune responses of nicotinamide supplementation on muscle wasting in type II diabetic rats / Muhammad Hakim Mahmud

Diabetes Mellitus has many complications such as neuropathy and muscle wasting. Muscle wasting is thought associated with activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic (UPP) pathway and presence of proinfammatory cytokines in muscle. From the previous study nicotinamide supplementation had been proved in lessen muscle wasting. So we hypothesized that nicotinamide helps in reducing musle wasting. We evaluate the association of proinflammatory cytokine such as interleukin-4, tumor necrosis alpha and interferon gamma and antioxidant agent which is glutathione with muscle wasting in STZ+NA induced diabetic rats after injecting nicotinamide of different dose (NA 50mg, NA 100mg, NA 200mg). After 4 weeks, concentration interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha showed decreasing in STZ+NA induced diabetic rats while interleukin-4 had no result. Nicotinamide also improves oxidative stress as glutathione level is decrease after forth weeks which indicate there is no or less oxidative stress presence in the STZ+NA induced diabetic rats.