Maximizing wireless sensor network lifetime using particle swarm optimization / Mohamad Nawawi Ismail

The low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is a MAC protocol basically based on the TDMA transmission signal integrated with clustering and easy routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. The main purpose of the development of this protocol is to improve the lifespan of wireless sensor networks by taking into account the minimum consumption power that required to select and maintain the Cluster Leader. The way LEACH works basically begins with cluster formation based on signal strengths received. The LEACH Protocol Operation consists of two phases, setup phase and steady state. However, LEACH does not consider residual energy and distance to the base station. Therefore, the system proposes to Maximizing WSN by using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method which aims to select cluster head and cluster formation and order to reduce residual energy as well as improve the overall network lifetime. This experiment was simulated using a simulation tool called MATLAB 2017a. The result proved that Proposed Method using Particle Optimization (PSO) has increased network lifetime up to 50%, the average energy consumption reduced by 76% and packet delivery ratio consistent by 95% compared to the LEACH protocol.