Decolorization of acid yellow 23 by photo-electro fenton process using used alkaline batteries / Clinton Brinyang Dris and Nurhafizah Mohd Selihin

Wastewater, a pressing environmental issue worldwide, is exacerbated by pollutants such as azo dyes (e.g., Acid Yellow 23) and the growing volume of electronic waste, including alkaline battery waste. Alkaline batteries contain harmful substances like lead, cadmium, and lithium, and the use of novel materials in batteries raises additional environmental safety concerns. Reusing materials from used batteries for wastewater treatment is gaining interest, as this approach can create a closed-loop system, converting e-waste into useful products and reducing the need for new raw materials. This study aims to determine the removal efficiency of Acid Yellow 23 using graphite electrodes derived from used alkaline batteries in the photo-electro Fenton (PEF) process and to identify the optimal conditions for maximizing this efficiency.