Exploring the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention amongst pilot public vocational high school students: the moderating role of social support / Darma Rika Swaramarinda

The purpose of this present study was to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) amongst pilot public vocational high school (PPVHS) students. Also, it examined the relationship between ESE and EI amongst PPVHS, moderated by social support (SS). There were six gaps, namely: the population gap, inconsistency evidence gap, methodological gap, theoretical gap, and few studies on the relationship between ESE and EI moderating by SS and its’ scale development. This study used a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design. It had a modified Delphi technique with seven panelists, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in a pilot study of 100 students, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the field study. The quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistics, and the qualitative data analysis used thematic analysis to answer the research questions (RQs) 1 to 3, correlation analysis to answer RQ 4 and prove all alternate hypotheses 1, then multi-group analysis to answer RQ 5 and prove hypothesis 2 because it used a moderator construct. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS and AMOS. The qualitative data was analysed using NVivo. The population was students’ classes 11 and 12 at 23 PPVHS for entrepreneurship school programme development in Jakarta, and we used multi-stage sampling. The first phase, quantitative, consisted of 391 students who answered the EntIQ, ESEQ, and SoSQ. In the second phase, qualitative, twelve students participated in the semi-structured interview and FGD. The eight key findings, including the moderate level of EI, the moderate level of ESE, the moderate level of SS, the relationship between ESE and EI and its sub-constructs in the model that was statistically significant, SS moderates the relationship between ESE and EI in the model that was statistically significant, themes that were relevant to constructs, obstacles and suggestions to enhance the constructs, and the novelties of this present study, Theoretical and statistical significance includes the new theoretical framework and scale development; a broader analysis of sub-constructs in the field and literature; and the study's findings will lead to a new understanding of the relationship between ESE and EI, with SS as a moderating construct. Practical significance, including the ABCDEntrepreneurship Development Path, as the study's findings can be used by the research setting to take further actions to improve students' EI and find a solution for low EI, ESE, and SS.