Transforming corn cobs into renewable coal: a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels / Muhamad Faiz Azmi … [et al.]

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the environmental consequences of their combustion have propelled the search for sustainable alternatives. This study investigates the viability of converting corn cobs, an abundant agricultural residue, into a renewable coal substitute. Through a series of experiments, the pyrolysis process is explored to transform corn cobs into solid fuel with properties akin to traditional coal. Parameters such as temperature, heating rate, and residence time are optimized to achieve high-quality coal-like material. Characterization techniques including proximate and ultimate analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and calorimetric tests are employed to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the produced bio-coal. Additionally, environmental assessments are conducted to compare the emissions profile of corn cob-derived coal with conventional coal. Results indicate that the bio-coal exhibits promising calorific value, low ash content, and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants compared to fossil fuels. Furthermore, economic analysis suggests the potential for cost-competitive production at scale, enhancing the feasibility of integrating corn cob-derived coal into existing energy infrastructure. This research underscores the transformative potential of utilizing agricultural residues to mitigate reliance on fossil fuels while addressing environmental concerns, thus contributing to the transition towards a sustainable energy future.