Catalytic co-pyrolysis of palm kernel shell and polypropylene using metal incorporated mesoporous zeolite for high-quality bio-oil / Aizatul Hikmah Zulkafli

The increasing global fuel consumption and growing environmental concerns are the impetuses to explore alternative energy that is clean and renewable for fuel production. Converting biomass and plastic waste into high-value fuel and chemicals via catalytic co-pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis technique may provide a sustainable remediation to this problem. The highest bio-oil yield of 67.65 wt.% was obtained at 600 °C and PKS:PP ratio of 25:75. Positive synergistic effect on the production of hydrocarbons and esters, as well as the inhibition of acids and ketones were prominent at 500 °C and PKS:PP ratio of 75:25. The plausible reaction mechanism for formation of major products was proposed. Co-pyrolysis of PKS and PP has generated bio-oil with a larger hydrogen and carbon content and lower oxygen composition compared to PKS bio-oil.