A review on comparison of phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents in Annona muricata and orthosiphon stamineus for antidiabetic medication / Siti Nurathirah Md Zoher

Annona muricata and Orthosiphon stamineus species are known traditional herbs for medication uses, claimed that their phenolic and flavonoid contents may help in antidiabetic activities and its complications. Studies have been conducted from various researchers on both of these leaves in proving the effectiveness in treating diabetes. The aim of this review is to assemble the data on phytochemical properties including phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content present in both A. muricata and O. stamineus leaves based on literature data published in journals. Furthermore, this review also discusses the phytochemical contents relationship on controlling and lowering the blood sugar level and also increasing insulin sensitivity in hyperglycemia. Phenol and flavonoid have the ability to form a covalent connection with the α-amylase enzyme. The flavonoid containing hydroxyl groups and β ring replacement inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The phytochemical content might protect pancreatic β-cells of diabetic rats tested when treated with A. muricata and the plant extract help by improving peripheral glucose absorption. This review is focusing on research history of traditional uses, proving that both plants species contains active compounds for medication in antidiabetic treatment as well as in vitro and in vivo studies on the leaves extract.