Reproductive, biochemical and haematological parameters of male mice treated with cosmos caudatus, piper sarmentosum and premna cordifolia ethanolic extract / Nabihah Sarpin

Over the past decades male infertility cases have alarmingly increased among men worldwide. This issue calls for treatments. However, based on previous studies, existing treatments gave detrimental effects on male health especially on the male reproductive system itself. Thus, this study aims to discover new natural-based treatment that will enhance the reproductive parameters and at the same time gave insignificant side effects on the body system. This study was conducted to compare the effects of Cosmos caudatus, Piper sarmentosum and Premna cordifolia ethanolic extracts treated mice on haematological, biochemical, hormonal, reproductive parameters, selected organs histological structure and body weight changes. Twenty four sexually matured male mice were divided into 4 groups with 6 mice each. Group 1 (n=6) was given 0.9% saline solution (SS) and served as the control. Groups 2-4 (n=6, each group) were administered orally with 500 mg/kg bwt of CCEE, PSEE and PCEE respectively, for 30 days. The body weights were recorded before and after the treatments. MCHC of PSEE group was significantly higher than SS and CCEE groups but insignificant to PCEE group. In biochemical analysis, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration of CCEE treated mice (45.13 ± 0.65 U/L) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than SS (27.85 ± 1.77 U/L) and PSEE (30.90 ± 2.86 U/L) groups. Meanwhile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration in PCEE group (128.73 ± 10.91 U/L) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than SS group (57.68 ± 3.36 U/L). The total protein of CCEE treated mice (71.00 ± 3.06 g/L) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than SS (54.55 ± 1.21 g/L) and PSEE (56.30 ± 0.86 g/L) groups but not to PCEE group (64.20 ± 3.46 g/L). Testosterone level of PSEE treated mice (4.47±0.87 ng/ml) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in comparison with SS (2.12±0.71 ng/ml), CCEE group (1.77±0.14 ng/ml) and PCEE (2.32±0.21 ng/ml). Sperm motility of mice treated with PSEE (47.17 ±5.93%) significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to only SS group (16.60± 4.26%). PCEE treated mice significantly decreased (p<0.05) the percentage of normal sperm morphology (70.80 ± 3.76%) compared to SS group (92.78 ± 2.51%). PCEE group showed significantly the highest score (9.43 ±0.04) in Johnsen scoring when compared to SS (8.98±0.05) and CCEE (9.29±0.04) groups. Both testis and cauda epididymis tissue sections from all groups showed normal morphology. However, liver and kidney of CCEE and PCEE treated mice showed minor histological changes. In conclusion, PSEE has the potential in enhancing sperm parameters with insignificant side effects to the studied organs.