Data breach: causes, implications, and lesson learned / Mohd Faizal Mohd Ramsi, Sufy Rabea Adawiya Idris and Siti Khairiyah Nordin

Data and information are crucial assets. Some of the administrators treat data and information as crucial business tools no matter their size, their industry, or their technical competencies. Data breaches pose a significant threat to organisations because they can lead to compromised sensitive information and undermine trust. Recent data leak incident at one of Malaysia's leading universities had a huge impact on the academic institution, its customers, staff, and its stakeholders. The incident involved unauthorised access to its databases containing personal and academic information of students, faculty, and staff. The breach caused concern as it potentially exposed sensitive data, including names, identification numbers, contact details, and academic records. Unfortunately, it had attracted media attention and raised concerns about the university's data security practices.