Evaluating bus transit system for efficient last mile transportation in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam / Andi Andi and Mohd Zamreen Mohd Amin

As the leading example in sustainable transportation, universities should have an optimal and precedent system. Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) campus provides bus transportation for students. However, with the vast coverage of the campus area, the bus stops should be distributed evenly. This research aims to evaluate the bus stop position to find the optimal last mile distance concerning the principle of Universal Design, precisely the aspect of low physical effort. This research uses the method of space syntax to analyse the spatial arrangement of urban environments, including transportation systems. It is based on the idea that the spatial structure of an environment affects its usability and accessibility and that the arrangement of elements can be optimised to improve accessibility and reduce physical effort. As a result, this research finds that UiTM's current bus stop distribution needs to be improved. It should have filled the demand for several spots, such as dormitories, sports centers, and faculties. Adding bus stops or bus volume is the appropriate solution to this finding, considering the growth of student numbers and the upcoming LRT station development. This research has proven a new depth perspective by combining topologic, angular, and metric logic. The findings of this research are beneficial in planning bus stops that carefully consider the universal design for all users wherever they live and work.