Optimization of the ultrasonic parameters of extraction and dyeing and preservation of natural dye from Xylocarpus moluccensis / Norul Azilah Abdul Rahman

Traditionally, natural dyes were extracted by soaking or boiling method which requires long extraction time, high temperature and plenty of water. Hence, there is a demand to exploit suitable efficient techniques to extract natural dyes from plant materials. In this study, ultrasonic method was employed to extract natural dyes from a mixture of heartwood and bark of Xylocarpus moluccensis (XM) which can be found in mangroves forest around Peninsular Malaysia.