Affecting factors in Kajang by-election 2014 / Adil Hazarith Abdul Aziz & Muhamad Fadhil Amri Ja'afar

Malaysia is one of the countries that used and honored Democracy as their political system. Malaysia is a federal parliamentary monarchy. It here means, Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato Seri Najib Tun Razak is the Head Of Government. Malaysia practicing a multi-party system. This is difference with others countries like United States of America (USA), who practicing a dual-party system. Currently, there are thirty-one registered political parties in Malaysia. This clearly shows that, Malaysia is practicing multi-party system. Malaysian political system has unique foundations where Yang Di-Pertuan Agong is the Head of State. The Constitution of Malaysia was drafted based on the advice of the Reid Commission which conducted a study in 1956. The Constitution came into force on August 27, 1957. In addition, Yang Di-Pertuan Agung also known as King of Malaysia. King of Malaysia is selected for a term of 5 years among nine Sultans of the Malay states. Crouch and Harold (1993) labeled Malaysian participatory political system as semi democratic as the requirement for a fully fledge democracy is of three essential conditions which are extensive political competition, high level of political participation and guaranteed civil and political liberties. In Malaysia, the ruling party is ‘Barisan Nasional’ consist of 14 components party. The dominant party in National Front is UMNO or United Malay National Organizations. In Sarawak, the dominant component party from Barisan Nasional is Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB). Election is one of the important components in democracy system. Democracy system allowed the people of the country to choose their own leader through voting process during elections. The definition of election is the act of party casting votes to elect an individual for some type of position. Elections may involve a public or private vote depending on the position. Most positions in the local, state, and federal governments are voting on in some type of election.