Heterogenous Na/OPKS for biodiesel production / Muhammad Yusriman Yusoff

My study is about the production of fatty acid methyl ester by using the Na heterogenous based catalyst from fresh cooking oil. The problem that causes my research is the proportion of oil converted to biodiesel has nothing to do with the reaction temperature. Because of this, my research is about to find the optimum reaction time for the fatty acid methyl ester produced to the highest yields which is 3.5 hours, 4.5 hours, and 5.5 hours. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of reaction times in transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The methodology that I will conducting in this research are the preliminary clearing process, the process where the oil palm kernel shell will involve. In this process, the oil palm kernel shell that have been obtained from nearby palm oil factory will be wash first to get rid of fungi and debris that will interfere in later process. Next is activated carbon preparation from oil palm kernel shell, to make activated carbon, heat the OPKS in two separate furnaces for four hours each at 700°C and 800°C. Activated carbon should be sieved using a 250-micron sieve. Using a pestle and mortar, crush the carbonized OPKS until it is fine In three separate beakers, combine 1.74g of NaOH with 30 ml of distilled water while stirring with a glass rod. Add 4, 3, and 9g of carbonized carbon to the liquids in each of the three beakers once all the NaOH has been dissolved, and stir the mixtures over a hot plate set to 30°C. The temperature should be gradually raised to 40, 50, 60, and 70°C until 90% of the water has evaporated. Transesterification process as a main process in this research, Reheat the impregnation product at 500°C for three hours in the furnace to complete the calcination process. Give the furnace some time to cool. For the transesterification process, Collect new cooking oil, methanol, and catalyst prior to beginning the procedure. In this experiment, the 1:9 ratio between oil and methanol remained unchanged. Ensure that the mass percentage of the catalyst is 5% and the mass percentage of the oil is 95%. Prepare the 500 ml round-bottom flask with three necks and the heating mantle. To eliminate excess water, heat the palm oil to 100 degrees Celsius. Add NaOH dissolved in methanol to the palm oil at a constant temperature. Using a magnetic stirrer, stir the mixture at a constant revolutions per minute. In this method, the reaction time parameter will vary between 3.5 hours, and 4.5 hours, and 5.5 hours. Finally, the analysis process by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Then, this report will be discussed about the data and results that obtained by GC-MS analysis that will show the data for percentage yield of fatty acid methyl ester produced. In conclusion, certain reaction times must be observed to get a higher yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The highest yield was 62.28% fatty acid methyl ester at 4.5 hours reaction time. It because a long reaction time are important to produced fatty acid methyl ester.