Removal of reactive red 198 dye from aqueous solution by activated oil palm kernel shell / Nursyaza Husna Shaharuddin

The adsorption behavior of Reactive Red 198 (RR198) from the aqueous solution
onto activated palm kernel shell (APKS) was investigated under several different
operating parameters (contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, particle size, initial dye
concentration and temperature). APKS was shown to be effective in removing
reactive dye. At temperature 25, 30 and 35°C percent of removal of RR198 was
increased respectively. Meanwhile, at pH 4, 7, 9 and 11, percent of removal of RR198
was decreased respectively. These indicated that the process is endothermic reaction
and the anionic species of RR198. On the other hand, the adsorbent was characterized
under several methods which are ash content, apparent density, SEM, and FTIR.
From the results, the percent of ash content in activated palm kernel shell (APKS) is
lower than commercial activated carbon (CAC) which indicated APKS is more pure
than CAC. Adsorption isotherms used in this experiment are Langmuir and
Freundlich isotherm. Both of these isotherms were described the RR198 adsorption
onto AKPS. Isotherm data fitted well for both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The
maximum adsorption capacity, Qo that obtained from Langmuir isotherm was 7.692
and values of dimensionless separation factor, RL were 0.7468, 0.5959, 0.3711,
0.2278 and 0.1643 which is favorable and confirms that APKS is favorable uptake of
the RR 198 dye. In this study, exponent,n was 1.949 (1< n< 10) shows that
Freundlich isotherm best-fit the equilibrium data for adsorption of RR 198 dye on
activated PKS. This value indicated that the adsorption capacity increases and new
adsorption sites appear. However, higher R2 value are obtained Freundlich model for
RR198 adsorption compared to Langmuir model.
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