Estimation of the design elements of horizontal alignment by the method of least squares/Jalina Rabi

Although the construction of highway takes place in three dimensional spaces, the
procedures that govern their design have been developed within 3 separate sets of two
dimensional relationship that represent the plan, profile, and cross-section view. The
plan view encompasses the horizontal alignment of the road in the x-y plan. This study
focused only on horizontal road alignment where the road linear shape is sampled
centerline path and deduced using Least Square Method to estimate the design element
of the road curve under studied. The results were analyzed and compared with the
existing road element in the design.