Aligned MHD of dusty Ellis trihybrid nanofluid over a Riga plate using the Hamilton-Crosser model

This study analyses the boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer of a dusty non-­Newtonian Ellis trihybrid nanofluid over a Riga plate under aligned magnetohydrodynamics. The two-phase model incorporates Marangoni convection, a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium and Arrhenius activation energy, with thermal conductivity evaluated via the Hamilton-Crosser formulation. Similarity variables reduce the governing partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations, solved using the BVP4C method in MATLAB. Results show that fluid velocity decreases while temperature rises with higher nanoparticle volume fraction, Forchheimer number, porosity and aligned magnetic field strength, whereas increasing the Ellis fluid parameter, modified Hartmann number and Marangoni convection accelerates the flow and lowers the temperature. Concentration falls with stronger Marangoni convection but rises with higher activation energy and aligned magnetic field strength, due to slowed chemical reaction and flow deceleration respectively. These findings extend understanding of dusty, non-Newtonian, multiphase nanofluid flow under combined electromagnetic actuation, offering theoretical guidance for advanced thermal management design.