From traditional to artificial intelligence-driven anthropomorphism: a case study of Chinese computer-animated films (2019-2025)

This research aims to explore the reshaping effect of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on the semantic, mechanism and cultural connotations of traditional anthropomorphism. The research adopts a qualitative case study method, analysing five representative films alongside semi-structured interviews with 15 animation creators and 16 audience members. This interview data is analysed using a thematic analysis guided by the study's 'three-factor theory of anthropomorphism' and 'human-machine co- creation' frameworks. The results show that AI technology has transformed the anthropomorphism of animations from the subjective creation of animators into a collaborative effort between humans and machines, bringing about changes in the expression and creation methods of the works. Traditional anthropomorphism depends on animators to inject their understanding of culture and emotional insights into their works. The intervention of AI has generated a new creative model. Anthropomorphism not only relies on human empowerment but also uses technological assistance to evoke emotional resonance among the audience, ultimately achieving cultural regeneration. The algorithm participates in the construction of character personality through detail optimization, structure improvement and emotional coordination, enhancing the creative efficiency and character credibility, and maintaining the dominant position of human creation. At the same time, the digital recreation of traditional aesthetic elements has innovated traditional Chinese culture. This study has constructed an analytical framework from AI algorithms to cultural regeneration, enriching the theoretical connotation of anthropomorphism in the field of digital art. It provides practical inspiration for the integration of technology and culture in animation creation, the digital innovation of traditional culture, and the international dissemination of animation.