Based on the samples of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2016 to 2024, this study empirically analysed the influence of top management team characteristics on earnings management and explored the moderating effect of the inquiry letter supervision. The results showed that financial expertise and average tenure in top management team significantly inhibited accrual earnings management, while overconfidence significantly exacerbated this behaviour. Meanwhile, the influence of average age and the proportion of female executives of top management team was not significant. The moderating effect revealed that the inquiry letter, as an external regulatory pressure signal, did not weaken but rather enhanced the positive effect of overconfidence on earnings management. This indicated that the actual effectiveness of non-punitive regulatory tools may be constrained by the psychological characteristics of the top management team.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Creators: | Creators Email / ID Num. Xi, Pan UNSPECIFIED Hasnan, Suhaily UNSPECIFIED Othman, Intan Waheedah UNSPECIFIED |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > Corporations > Corporate organization. Corporate governance H Social Sciences > HG Finance > Financial management. Business finance. Corporation finance > Earnings management |
| Divisions: | Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam > Accounting Research Institute (ARI) |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal (APMAJ) |
| UiTM Journal Collections: | UiTM Journals > Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal (APMAJ) |
| ISSN: | 2550-1631 |
| Volume: | 21 |
| Number: | 2 |
| Page Range: | pp. 197-218 |
| Keywords: | Top Management Team, Characteristics, Inquiry letter supervision, Earnings management |
| Date: | 31 August 2026 |
| URI: | https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/147601 |
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