5G technology orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems and peak to average power ratio mitigation techniques

The rapid evolution of wireless communication has been driven by the demand for high-speed data, seamless connectivity, and advanced multimedia services. The emergence of 5G technology represents a significant milestone, introducing new waveform designs to support higher data rates, low latency, and improved spectral efficiency. Among these, Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) and filtered CP-OFDM (F-CP-OFDM) play a central role in the physical layer of 5G systems. However, their implementation is challenged by high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which reduces power amplifier efficiency and increases energy consumption. This study addresses these challenges by presenting fundamental concepts, analytical frameworks, and practical solutions for PAPR mitigation using codeword shift mapping techniques, while exploring filtering methods to enhance performance, energy efficiency, and system optimization in 5G networks.