Entrepreneurial challenges: transforming eggshell waste into sustainable candles

This paper examines the entrepreneurial challenges within the context of small-scale DIY eggshell upcycling entrepreneurship in Malaysia. Addressing the environmental concern of approximately 70,686 tons of eggshell waste generated annually in Malaysia, this research proposes upcycling as a practical approach to mitigate waste while fostering socio-economic opportunities. Employing qualitative research design, the study integrates semi-structured interviews elucidate technical and economic obstacles encountered by entrepreneurs. Thematic analysis of the interviews identifies key entrepreneurial challenges, including limited community awareness, material fragility, and scalability constraints. Nevertheless, opportunities emerge through the strategic use of social media and innovative branding to engage niche markets. By proposing a cost-effective and accessible business model, this study contributes to the advancement of sustainable waste management practices and circular economy principles, offering actionable insights for small-scale DIY entrepreneurs.