Challenges in implementing urban green space: a review

Urban green spaces refer to established area within urban area, such as parks, garden, and open spaces. These spaces play a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability, providing opportunities for leisure activities, and enhancing the general well-being of urban residents. The architecture of a “dense city” has disadvantages since it promotes crowded regions, reduces the amount of urban green space, and exacerbates the urban heat island effect. In the post-pandemic era, heightened awareness of health and well-being has reinforced the importance of accessible green space within communities. Therefore, this study systematically analysed existing literature to investigate the obstacles encountered while constructing green spaces within urban environments and the implementation strategies related to urban environments. The challenges are categorised into three (3) primary domains: Social and Health, Environment and Economy. This study provides insights into the difficulties faced by Urban Green Spaces (UGS) and offers suggestions for enhancing the city’s planning and management of green areas.