Woodcarving in Malay architecture: patterns, structures, and cultural significance

This paper examines the cultural, functional, and spiritual roles of woodcarving in traditional Malay architecture. It investigates how historical, cultural, and spiritual factors shaped the selection of materials, motifs, and carving techniques. Key architectural elements like Tunjuk Langit and Sisik Naga are highlighted for their aesthetic, functional and symbolic contributions. While Malay woodcarving’s symbolic and decorative aspects are well documented, integration into contemporary architectural is less explored. The study adopts a conceptual review approach, synthesising historical, cultural and architectural literature and analysing recurring motifs, techniques and applications through a thematic lens. The paper also discusses the challenge of preserving these traditional elements in modern architecture, offering insights into how they can be adapted while maintaining cultural significance. The findings highlight woodcarving’s enduring relevance, positioning it as a framework for sustainable and culturally rooted architecture.