Factors influencing construction workers' adherence to safety regulations

Construction workers face significant safety risks globally. Despite safety regulations, discrepancies persist between workers' knowledge and adherence to safe practices. This study investigates the factors influencing construction workers' adherence to safety regulations in Ghana. Specifically, it examines the discrepancies between workers' safety practices and established safety standards, identifying the causative factors leading to these discrepancies. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitative data was collected by surveying 500 construction workers, focusing on demographics, safety knowledge, attitudes, and observed safety regulation discrepancies. Qualitative data was gathered through semi- structured interviews with a purposive sample of 30 construction workers and safety professionals to explore the reasons behind these discrepancies. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data and were presented using tables. A significant disconnect was revealed between construction workers' safety knowledge and their adherence to safety regulations. The qualitative findings identified six (6) contributing themes: risk normalisation, inadequate training, peer pressure, personal protective equipment (PPE) discomfort, fear of retaliation, and lack of recognition of safe practices. Ghanaian construction firms should address the knowledge-practice gap and enhance safety by implementing competency-based training, effective communication, safety leadership, ergonomic PPE, an open communication culture, and safety recognition initiatives. The study advances understanding of safety culture within Ghana's construction sector by providing insights for creating targeted interventions to enhance safety compliance and foster a safer construction work environment.