PIPERPURE: herbal antimicrobial mouthwash powered by Piper betle L.

Oral diseases, driven by bacterial and fungal pathogens, continue to affect millions worldwide, leading to tooth decay, gum inflammation, and oral infections. While conventional mouthwashes such as chlorhexidine and chemical antiseptics are widely used, they often cause side effects, including tooth staining, altered taste, and mucosal irritation. In response, there is a growing global demand for safe, effective, and sustainable herbal alternatives. PIPERPURE is a novel herbal antimicrobial mouthwash formulated from ethanolic extract of Piper betle L., a plant long valued in traditional medicine for its potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this study, fresh Piper betle leaves were extracted via maceration using 95% ethanol, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening, which confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disc-diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The extract demonstrated moderate to significant inhibitory effects against all pathogens, with the 250 mg/mL concentration producing the largest inhibition zones, remarkably surpassing Fluconazole in antifungal activity against C. albicans. Two alcohol-free mouthwash formulations with varying extract concentrations were developed and tested for pH, foamability, appearance, stability, and sensory acceptability. Both maintained an optimal pH, clear physical appearance, and stability over time, while preserving antimicrobial potency. Taste and aroma evaluations confirmed strong user acceptability. PIPERPURE bridges traditional herbal wisdom and modern formulation science to deliver an effective, chemical-free oral care solution. With proven laboratory efficacy, stability, and consumer appeal, it addresses unmet needs in preventive dentistry while supporting sustainability and cultural heritage. The product holds strong commercialization potential in both domestic and international herbal oral care markets, offering health-conscious consumers a safe and innovative alternative to conventional mouthwashes.