Factors associated with visceral adiposity and low skeletal muscle index in an opportunistic health screening programme

Obesity remains a major public health challenge in Malaysia, with prevalence continuing to rise. Body mass index (BMI) alone inadequately reflects fat distribution and muscle mass, potentially underestimating cardiometabolic risk. Visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle index (SMI) have been independently associated with adverse metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to identify factors associated with elevated visceral fat level (VFL) and low SMI in our cohort.