Differences in ejection fraction value using different model and volume method

Ejection Fraction (EF) is a crucial measure of the heart's pumping efficiency and is typically estimated via echocardiography using only the Simpson's 1/3 Rule. The fixed subintervals used in echocardiogram machine create significant inconsistencies and impact the accuracy of cardiac assessment. This research addresses this by comparing five numerical formula that are used to calculate EF which is Bi-plane Ellipse, Single Plane Long-axis Ellipse, Simpson's 1/3 Rule, Simpson's 3/8 Rule and the Trapezoidal Rule. The objectives are to apply these five methods to two echocardiogram samples to calculate EF percentages and analyse the resulting differences. The methodology involves a numerical calculation phase using Microsoft Excel and Maple software to compute End-Diastolic and End-Systolic Volumes. The findings revealed significant variances across methods, allowing the analysis phase to determine the strongest and the most clinically reliable method that will result in the minimum error. This research will ultimately provide healthcare professionals with the necessary information to enhance the process of diagnosis in cardiac assessment.