Synthesis and optimization of rice bran and mussel shell powder biochar for heavy metal adsorption in water

Researchers developed a safe and affordable modified biochar using rice bran and mussel shell powder to remove heavy metal pollution from the environment. By optimizing synthesis conditions through hydrothermal carbonization and combining phytic acid with mussel shell powder, the resulting material developed a rough surface with rich mesoporous structures and key functional groups that greatly improve adsorption. Tests showed that the optimized sample achieved high removal rates for both cadmium and lead ions, demonstrating strong potential for future environmental cleanup applications.