Genetic variability in lipid metabolism and its influence on weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Genome-wide association studies have provided valuable information about the potential link between certain genetic polymorphisms related to lipid metabolism and obesity.These findings have led to the assessment of lipid metabolism genes in relation to weight loss outcomes after participation in a weight management program. A literature search was conducted using various databases, such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library, to identify studies investigating the influence of genetic variants in lipid metabolism genes on weight loss during a weight management program. Twelve studies focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADRB3, FABP2 and PPARG genes were included. The SNP IDs rs4994, rs1799883, and rs1801282 were the subjects of these investigations. The analysis revealed that individuals with the TT genotype for rs4994 (MD = -0.44, 95% CI = -0.99 to 0.10) tended to lose weight more effectively. For rs1799883, those with the GA+AA genotypes (MD = 0.91, 95% CI = -1.50 to 3.32) also showed a tendency towards weight loss, although results varied. Individuals with the CG + GG genotypes for rs1801282 (MD = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.32 to 2.04) experienced significantly more weight loss compared to the CC genotype. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that specific genetic variants in ADRB3, FABP2 and PPARG genes may influence weight loss outcomes in weight management programs. However, the overall results are not statistically significant, indicating the need for further research with larger sample sizes to validate these findings.