The effect of exercise and nutrition intervention on body composition and metabolic parameters in weight management program among overweight and obese adults: systematic review

The rising prevalence of obesity among adults has become a significant global health concern, with predictions indicating that the number of obese individuals worldwide will reach 1.12 billion by 2030. In Malaysia, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is alarmingly high, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality due to chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. This study systematically reviews and compares the effects of nutrition-only, exercise-only, and combined nutrition and exercise interventions on body composition and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese adults. Methods: This systematic review follows a rigorous protocol registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), identification CRD42024517550. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published between January 2015 and June 2024.The inclusion criteria specified that studies must involve adult participants aged 18-65 diagnosed with overweight or obesity, and studies assessing the impact of exercise and dietary interventions on body composition and metabolic parameters.Extracted data included study characteristics, participant characteristics, intervention details, and reported outcomes. Two independent reviewers performed the data extraction to ensure accuracy and consistency