Multivariate analysis of air pollution in southern peninsular Malaysia: principal component analysis and factor analysis approach

A study analyzing daily air pollutant concentrations across eleven monitoring stations in southern peninsular Malaysia during twenty twenty three utilized principal component and factor analyses to identify pollution sources. The findings revealed two main groups of pollutants where particulate matter nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide formed the first group originating primarily from vehicle emissions while sulfur dioxide and ozone formed the second group driven by photochemical processes.