Smart waste collection: optimizing recycling routes with graph coloring and MTZ-TSP

Global waste generation continues to rise, making efficient recyclable waste management crucial. This study focuses on optimizing recyclable waste collection in Rasah, Negeri Sembilan by addressing two key challenges: proper separation of recyclables and efficient routing of collection vehicles. A graph coloring algorithm is applied to cluster collection locations based on compatible materials, ensuring contamination free recycling. The MTZ-TSP (Miller-Tucker-Zemlin Traveling Salesman Problem) model is then used to design optimal routes that minimize travel distance and costs. This framework improves efficiency, reduces environmental impact, and directly supports SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).