Ranking paddy fertilizer for rice production using Fuzzy TOPSIS: a case study of Kg Permatang Tok Jaya, Penang

Paddy fertilizer plays a crucial role in enhancing rice production, but farmers often face challenges in selecting the most suitable option. The objective of this study is to identify and rank seven types of paddy fertilizers for rice production using the Fuzzy TOPSIS method. A total of 53 respondents, including farmers and MARDI officers, evaluated the fertilizers based on affordability, nutrient quality, environmental friendliness, and ease of use. Results show that from the farmers’ perspective, NPK 17:20:10 (CC = 1.000), Urea (CC = 0.9249), and NPK 17.5:15.5:10 (CC = 0.8452) were the top choices. MARDI officers preferred Urea (CC = 1.000), NPK 17:20:10 (CC = 0.8285), NPK 15:15:15, and Realstrong N Bio-Booster require improvement. Differences in results reflect varying priorities, farmers emphasize practically and ease of use, while MARDI officers focus on technical performance and long-term impacts. The findings offer valuable guidance for farmers, manufactures, and policymakers to improve fertilizer use and rice yields. The study gives useful guidance to improve rice production and support food supply goals (Firdaus et al., 2020).