Modelling the adoption of drones for disaster victim identification by takaful operators during mass disasters

Drones offer significant benefits in disaster management. Their adoption surged notably after Tropical Storm Harvey in 2013, where drones were primarily used for research, disease monitoring, and surveying disaster areas. This study explores why takaful operators, guided by Shariah principles, should adopt drones for disaster victim identification (DVI). The research focuses on assessing the advantages of drone technology, identifying challenges specific to takaful operations, and proposing a Drone-assisted DVI Model. The findings, analysed through thematic analysis based on interviews with loss adjusters, insurance representatives, drone experts, Shariah scholars, and forensic experts, show that drones significantly speed up DVI, crucial for identifying bodies within 48 hours to prevent decay. This aligns with the ethical responsibility of takaful operators to provide timely, compassionate service, rooted in the Shariah principle of harm prevention. While conventional insurers are already exploring drone use, takaful operators can leverage drones not only for efficiency but also for their ethical commitment to disaster response. However, takaful operators face unique challenges, including regulatory complexities and the need for Shariah compliance. These concerns involve privacy, dignity, and the sanctity of life, which conventional insurers do not face. Addressing these issues positions takaful operators to remain competitive while upholding moral integrity. The study proposes a Drone-assisted DVI Model that integrates these considerations, ensuring takaful operators can both match and surpass conventional insurers by offering faster, ethically responsible claims processing. Overcoming operational and regulatory challenges will enable takaful operators to deliver a more sensitive and efficient disaster response.