A smart walking stick for visually impaired and deaf people with GSM using Arduino

All of these persons with visual impairments, who have various types of disabilities, struggle with a variety of issues on a daily basis. The most difficult aspect of independent mobility for someone who is blind or visually impaired is moving, particularly in an environment that was not planned and built with them in mind. This smart walking stick based on microcontroller, Infrared (IR) sensor, water sensor, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS) and other modules which is ultrasonic sensors for visually impaired and deaf people. This stick aids those who are blind in spotting obstacles by employing ultrasonic sensors. The stick can reliably identify obstructions within 50 cm, buzzer 1, and the vibration motor will be activated. The wet ground surface had been identified by employing a water sensor. The vibration motor, buzzer 2, and water sensor will all be turned on simultaneously. A different beep will be produced by buzzer 2 compared with the ultrasonic sensor. The vibration motor and voice coding module will also turn on because of the IR sensor detecting the fire around it. Instead of buzzer, the warning system uses a real human voice via voice recording module and adding vibration has also been included in the circuit. It's also difficult to follow a visually impaired person. To solve this problem, the stick sends real-time GPS data to the server, which allows the person to be easily located by sending the SOS message/call to their family with only just one click. The microcontroller used in this system (stick) is a type of Arduino which is programmed in C language (Dey, Paul, Ghosh, Mukherjee & Dey, 2018).