Public and Professional Perception regarding Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Street: a case study in Ipoh, Malaysia

This research critically evaluates the application of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) against conventional Drainage systems along the urban corridor from KTM Station Ipoh to Dataran Dato Sagor, Malaysia. In a region experiencing escalating climate pressures and rapid urbanisation, the study investigates the perceived relative effectiveness of these approaches in addressing interconnected challenges: vegetation (planting) integration, pollution control, aesthetic enhancement, urban resilience, and climate change adaptation. A quantitative research methodology was employed, utilising structured online surveys with targeted sampling to capture divergent public perceptions and professional perceptions (academia, local authorities, and private sector practitioners). Data were analysed through statistical comparative tests to identify significant differences in stakeholder evaluations. Findings reveal a notable divergence: professionals demonstrate statistically significant preference for NBS strategies, particularly emphasising their superiority in planting integration, pollution control, aesthetic value, and long-term urban resilience. Conversely, public views show considerable variation. While some residents and visitors recognise additional benefits of NBS, many express uncertainties or a clear preference for conventional Drainage systems. This scepticism appears linked to practical concerns: doubts about system performance during heavy storms, the burden of ongoing maintenance, or space limitations in built-up areas. The comparative analysis thus exposes tensions between technical advocacy for Nature-Based solutions and practical implementation barriers rooted in public receptivity. It further emphasises context- specific advantages and potential limitations of Nature-Based solutions in mitigating environmental degradation within complex urban infrastructures, suggesting that perceived "effectiveness" is contingent not only on biophysical performance but also socio-institutional acceptance and behavioural adaptation.