Print nationalism and book control: a content analysis of government documents on publishing and nation-building in postcolonial Malaysia.

This article examines the instrumental role of publishing and censorship in the Malaysian state’s nation-building project during the formative postcolonial period from 1948 to 1977. While extensive research exists on Malaysia’s ethnic policies and educational reforms, the specific mechanisms of print control as a tool for ideological consolidation have remained underexplored. This study addresses this gap through a qualitative content analysis of declassified government documents, including censorship reports, publication records, and internal ministerial correspondence from the Malaysian National Archives. The analysis reveals a dual-pronged state strategy: the active promotion of Malay linguistic nationalism and the simultaneous suppression of non-Malay literature, particularly Chinese-language materials, which were often framed as a threat to national security. These findings demonstrate that publishing policies were not merely administrative but constituted a deliberate practice of ideological statecraft aimed at constructing a hegemonic national identity in a multi-ethnic society. The study contributes a critical archival perspective on the intersection of print nationalism, language politics, and state power in postcolonial Southeast Asia.