HIV and AIDS–related stigma among young adults in Malaysia: a quantitative study.

HIV and AIDS–related stigma remains a persistent public health challenge despite advances in treatment and extensive awareness efforts. This study examines public perceptions, levels of stigma, and the influence of media and public health campaigns on HIV and AIDS among young adults in Malaysia. A quantitative survey design was employed involving 61 respondents aged 18 to 31 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measuring perceptions of HIV and AIDS, stigma intensity, and perceived media and campaign effectiveness. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to address the research objectives. The findings reveal a generally high level of awareness regarding key HIV transmission routes, particularly blood transfusion and unprotected sexual contact. However, misconceptions persist, especially concerning non-transmission routes such as mosquito bites and casual contact. Overall, young adults exhibited moderate levels of stigma, characterised by fear of contracting HIV and discomfort in routine social interactions with people living with HIV and AIDS. These perceptions indicate that misinformation continues to influence emotional responses and social distancing behaviours. Media and public health campaigns were perceived as moderately effective in shaping public opinion and raising awareness. Nevertheless, respondents demonstrated limited willingness to engage in active advocacy behaviours, such as sharing HIV-related information on social media. The study underscores the need for targeted, culturally sensitive educational initiatives and more engaging media strategies to reduce stigma, improve public understanding, and promote inclusive attitudes towards people living with HIV and AIDS among young adults in Malaysia.