Enhancing access security in educational institutions with an Arduino-based RFID door system

Traditional key-based access systems pose challenges in efficiency, convenience, and security, especially in institutional settings like Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak. This project focuses on the development of a Smart Card Door Access System aimed at replacing conventional keys used by JTMK staff, enhancing access control and reducing key-related issues. The objective is to design and implement a secure, efficient access system using Arduino Nano microcontroller and RFID RC522 technology. Authorized staff members gain entry by scanning RFID cards, with access status shown on a 16x2 LCD and feedback via a buzzer. The system also logs each access attempt for monitoring purposes. This project adopted the Agile methodology, which allowed iterative development from requirement analysis, design, hardware assembly, software programming using Arduino IDE (C++), to testing and deployment. A user survey conducted among JTMK staff showed over 80% experienced frequent delays, misplacement, and dissatisfaction with traditional key systems, highlighting the need for a modernized solution. Testing confirmed the system’s reliability in card authentication, access control, and user feedback. Unit tests covered components such as RFID readers, solenoid locks, and LCDs, while integration testing validated overall system functionality. Results showed the system provided fast, accurate, and secure access while minimizing user hassle. This project demonstrates an original, cost-effective solution to campus access issues using open-source hardware. It offers a scalable model for broader educational use and can be enhanced further with IoT and biometric integration for improved functionality and security.