A study on chemical and physical properties, and moisture content of roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) powder as a natural exfoliating scrub

Roselle or also commonly known by its scientific name (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), it is locally known as asam susur or Ribena Malaysia. This Roselle calyces extract is rich in antioxidant compounds that will bring numerous health advantages, such as in food, medicine, and skin care, industry. This study investigates the potential of Roselle powder (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as an organic exfoliating and moisturising scrub. There were two variations of scrubs prepared by adding ingredients such as brown sugar, shea butter, sweet almond oil and roselle extract in powder form with different proportions, while castor oil and essential oil were kept constant. The formulation differed in purpose to compare their texture and moisturizing effects. Furthermore, the research continues to identify and analyse the chemical and physical properties of the roselle extract powder, which was carried out by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) method to determine the functional groups contained in the spectrum analysis. The bonding appears to be hydroxyl groups, carbonyl, and aromatic rings, which indicate the presence of active compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and organic acids. Besides that, physical changes of the scrub was observed over a week. This study has also led to examining the moisturising effect and the level of moisture content of the scrub, which is analyzed by using a digital skin meter to obtain the level of skin moisture before and after application of the scrub. To indicate the moisture level, 25 respondents of different genders have been chosen. The result concluded that the moisture level obtained is affected by a few factors such as the differences in gender, the production of sebum level, the body part tested, and skin thickness. Further research is needed to explore the potential of the roselle to create an effective and hydrating scrub. Future recommendations include enhancing the scrub's scent by incorporating natural, foam-producing ingredients such as aloe vera. For a smoother exfoliation experience, brown sugar could be replaced with rice powder. Additionally, yogurt may help improve skin moisture, while honey offers both moisturizing and healing properties. The inclusion of lemon juice could also provide benefits due to its vitamin C content, which is known to help brighten the skin and cucumber juice provides cooling properties to keep skin hydrated.