Exploring bamboo culm extracts as a source of functional feed additives

Aquaculture faces increasing challenges related to fish health, growth, and environmental sustainability. Functional feed additives have emerged as a promising solution, particularly plant-based additives that offer natural bioactive compounds. This study investigates the potential of Bambusa vulgaris (bamboo) culm as a source of functional feed additives through ethanolic extraction. Bamboo is known to contain phytogenic compounds such as flavonoids and phenols, which possess antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-boosting properties. The research aimed to (i) extract bioactive compounds from bamboo culms using ethanol, (ii) analyze and compare functional groups using FTIR and ATR spectroscopy in crude bamboo culm, bamboo charcoal powder, ethanolic extract, and ethanoltreated charcoal, and (iii) conduct phytochemical screening for flavonoids and phenols. Results revealed positive presence of phenolic compounds, particularly in ethanolic extracts, while flavonoids were weakly detected. FTIR analysis identified common functional groups such as O-H, C-O, and C-N, except in untreated bamboo charcoal due to its hydrocarbon nature. Bamboo-based fish pellets showed potential for environmental benefits, including water purification through activated charcoal. However, adjustments are needed to improve pellet buoyancy and pH balance. This study highlights the untapped potential of bamboo culms as sustainable and eco-friendly functional feed additives. Future research should explore their direct impact on fish growth, health, and immunity in aquaculture settings.